Analysts that separate the jihadist ideology of ‘transnational’ groups from that of ‘local’ groups risk underestimating the central role of jihad as an armed political struggle in creating radical social change.
In the last decade, Africa has experienced a steady increase in jihadist movements, with the number of active militant jihadist groups on the continent doubling in number from 10 in 2010, to 20 as at 2017. Certain analysts attribute the rise of extremist violence on the contin



