
Photo illustration by Dami Mojid / THE REPUBLIC.
THE MINISTRY OF CLIMATE CHANGE X THE ENVIRONMENT
How to Make Climate Action Africa-Friendly

Photo illustration by Dami Mojid / THE REPUBLIC.
THE MINISTRY OF CLIMATE CHANGE X THE ENVIRONMENT
How to Make Climate Action Africa-Friendly
A 2024 study found that the ‘dangerous humid heat’, which engulfed West Africa in February 2024, was made ten times more likely by human-caused climate change. The study specifically identified heat as a ‘silent killer’. Heat also worsens poverty. In India, for instance, climate change is worsening poverty and making heat-related expenses a cause of catastrophic unintended expenditure for families. Without a doubt, climate change is heating up the globe, causing poverty, destroying livelihoods and making living unbearable. This has to change. We need to democratize climate change and make its messaging easier for everyone to understand. Only then can we build an active citizenry committed to action.
The dire impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly evident, especially in Africa—the second largest and most diverse continent, rich in culture and resources, yet experiencing the disproportionate impacts of the climate crises. In recent months, a series of climate disasters has pushed the continent to the brink of a public health crisis. From the devastating floods in Lagos, Nigeria—compounding an already dismal cholera outbreak—to the harsh impacts of El Niño in Malawi, which have left fields barren; from the cold fronts and floods in South Africa to drought-stricken lands of East Africa, Africa stands at a perilous crossroads. Here, climate chaos and public health crises converge, threatening the lives of millions across the region. With rising temperatures and increasingly erratic weather patterns, the health of millions of Africans is at risk.
COMMUNICATING CLIMATE ISSUES EFFECTIVELY
In the face of such overwhelming evidence, climate change can seem like an abstract or distant issue, especially when communicated in technical or scientific terms. For climate messaging to be effective, the science must be translated into relatable, everyday realities. This includes using language and narratives that resonate with local communities to overcome language barriers associated with climate science, making climate action feel both urgent and achievable. Using everyday terms that resonate with people attention—like air pollution instead of emissions, extreme weather instead of climate change, and overheating instead of global warming—can be highly effective. Since people respond best to familiar concepts and ideas, clear and simple messages should be repeated often to build community support for action. Without this fundamental approach, even the most well-intentioned efforts may fall on deaf ears, especially in Africa, where pressing issues like poverty, disease, and economic instability compete for attention.
RETHINKING CLIMATE CONVERSATIONS
Beyond government action, empowering local communities is also crucial. Involving those most affected by climate change in developing and implementing solutions ensures that these measures are context-specific and effective. From promoting sustainable agricultural practices to improving water management, community-driven initiatives can ultimately enhance resilience. In this vein, here are four issues that help us rethink how we approach climate conversations and actions, showing how empowering communities can drive meaningful change.
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THE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
As temperatures rise, heatwaves have become more frequent and intense across Africa. The health impacts are severe, particularly for those in urban areas where the heat island effect exacerbates conditions. Heatwaves can cause heat stress, heatstroke, and worsen chronic conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. In countries like Malawi, areas affected by El Niño face additional threats by the presence of La Niña, which increases the risk of flooding and worsens an already dire situation within these areas. The Lancet Countdown reminds us that climate change is a major threat to our health and the health risks of climate change ought to be communicated in a way that connects directly to people’s day-to-day lives.
WATER AND SANITATION FACTOR
Parts of Nigeria and South Africa are experiencing rapid cholera outbreaks, fuelled by deadly floods and storms which have polluted water sources. Cholera, often described as a disease of poverty because it thrives in areas with limited clean water and poor sanitation, has found its way to communities previously unaffected, claiming lives. With a shortage in the global stockpile of oral cholera vaccines, the impact is likely to result in more deaths. This unprecedented surge in water-borne bacterial infection in Africa is a clear example of how extreme weather is driving disease outbreaks.
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD INSECURITY
Harsh weather conditions have increased the threat of locust invasion across East Africa, particularly in Kenya, causing widespread damage to crops and fuelling famine and food insecurity. These periodic locust outbreaks severely threaten livelihoods by reducing food production, driving up food prices, and leaving behind huge financial impacts on families, communities and the national economy. Failure to address this risk could further strain agricultural productivity, disrupt food production systems, and worsen global food insecurity. Thus, climate messaging should appeal to the broader community by highlighting the economic consequences of food shortages, including rising food prices, reduced household incomes, and strained local markets.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND POVERTY
Climate change has worsened poverty across the continent, causing a major drawback on the progress and efforts made to promote sustainable livelihoods. As deteriorating health conditions from its direct and indirect impacts becomes more concerning, communities face a dual burden with rising food insecurity. Those with the fewest resources, often dependent on agricultural production, are left with little to no income. Furthermore, the growing number of climate refugees moving from rural to urban areas and across borders adds social and economic pressure on already strained economic infrastructures, further widening the poverty gap.
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TOWARDS AN EFFECTIVE CLIMATE MESSAGING FOR ALL
While mainstreaming climate messaging is crucial in the pursuit of climate action, it is important to note that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to community engagement. Each community possesses unique cultural, social, economic and environmental characteristics that influence their understanding of and response to climate issues. Strategies that resonate in one community may not necessarily be as effective in another, given the diverse ways climate change impacts are experienced and perceived. We need to contextualize and synthesize climate information to make it localized into what is relevant to local communities, helping them understand the events around them and galvanizing them into action. Climate actors must knit scattered efforts into a coherent, innovative and accessible messaging, while governments, scientists, political leaders and traditional leaders encourage active citizenship for climate action.
Consequently, climate communication must be flexible and adaptive, reflecting local contexts, values, traditions, and priorities to ensure messages are both informative and inspiring. Empowering communities to understand the direct impact of climate change on their health, livelihoods, and future is key to sparking real, sustained action. The success of climate action hinges on communication that empowers. Making climate communication a shared responsibility—where government, communities, and individuals all play their part—will help address the challenges ahead for a sustainable Africa⎈
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MOLLY OGBODUM
has a multidisciplinary background in public health, research, communications and community development. She focuses on meaningful youth engagement around local and global public health issues, advocacy, research and policy development majorly for inclusion and health systems strengthening.