Illustration by Kevwe Ogini/ THE REPUBLIC.
the ministry of arts / books dept.
A Vision for Nigeria’s Queer Future
Illustration by Kevwe Ogini/ THE REPUBLIC.
the ministry of arts / books dept.
A Vision for Nigeria’s Queer Future
When the opening chapter of Eloghosa Osunde’s sophomore novel, Necessary Fiction, was first published in 2020 as a self-sufficient story, it caused something of an uproar. The narrator, previously unnamed but whom we now know as Ziz, opens by declaring war on the invasiveness of openings. ‘I’ve always had a problem with introductions,’ he says, ‘To me they don’t matter. It’s either you know me or you don’t—you get?’ In the course of the story, Ziz declares war on his father, on the fourth wall, on death and fate, on the failings of personal poverty, on the English language. His is a slick voice, sharpened by rage, that resonated with many Nigerians—and with non-Nigerians too: the story later won the Paris Review’s Plimpton Prize and was included in the 2021 Best American Short Stories.
Then came Vagabonds! in 2022, much anticipated and lauded by renowned writers, from Lesley Nneka Arimah, who said ‘there is nothing in the world like this book’, to Marlon James, who across his oeuvre has made Jamaican patois into something singular and breathtakingly resplendent. With Vagabonds!’ voracious attempt to embody the irreverence, the filth, the dread and delight, the multiplicity of Lagos life, one imagines Chinua Achebe turning happily in his grave, for here was someone doing truly unheard-of things with the English language.
A COMMUNITY OF ART
Where Vagabonds! gains its breadth by examining the place of queerness in city and national life, Necessary Fiction dizzies with its scope of characters, opening with a list truer to a play or fantasy novel. Here, queer family is the beginning, middle and end, the organizing principle and the essential substance. To wit, the five sections in Necessary Fiction open with epigraphs as plenteous as four and feature writers like Ocean Vuong, Lucille Clifton, Anne Carson and James Baldwin. I can’t remember reading any book so nakedly insistent on the evidence of its intellectual debts. And not just writers. There are famous painters, fashion designers, musicians and photographers here too. A vast community of art.
The title of the novel, after all, refers to the bubbles, spaces and enclosures necessary to our survival which we term fiction but are nevertheless rigorous and true. Ziz, a visionary entrepreneur who builds a fortune from the ground up, is surrounded by artists: May is a DJ, Awele a writer and Akin a musician. Here is a smorgasbord of the most creative minds thinking up ways for us to be nearer each other, to create portals that permit radical speech or existence. ‘If anyone deserves to live’, they chant after a gathering of judgment-free discussion known as Truth Circle, ‘it is us. It is us, after all this dying we have done.’
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DEATH IS A PERFECTION OF THE EYE
Necessary Fiction opens with the death of innocence—the death of the child-self: the son, the good boy—and closes its first chapter with a stunning reversal: the death of the father. The inciting conflict of the novel is the death of another father, Ziz’s best friend Maro’s father, also a gay man living in Lagos with his partner, a powerful model for the two young men. As we encounter the other characters, we learn that half of them have dead parents and the other half negligent parents. Nearly all are estranged from the religions of their childhood (those patriarchal remnants!). Thus, the concern of the novel is watching a group of people who were forced to age quickly as children forge new ways of parenting each other in adulthood, a project that requires nothing less than art, utter vulnerability, great amounts of money inherited or made, and mad loyalty. ‘I no dey hold sanity by any means necessary,’ Ziz says, ‘especially when my people are outside it, because I’ll still end up missing them senseless.’
Death is not the end, metaphorically and literally. As in Vagabonds!, the spirit realm is delightfully, chillingly inextricable from real life (think spirit lovers, think hauntings,) and artmaking is at once life-affirming and destructive. Childhood encounters with the abyss (or trauma) demand of and reveal to these characters a multiplicity of faces, an ability to manipulate the sight of others. ‘You were a magician,’ the narrator says, ‘you could make anyone see whatever you wanted them to.’
For being unseen, being wrongfully seen, purposefully obstructing oneself from being properly seen, are the sources of the wounds in the characters’ hearts. We find them on a journey towards being seen, towards seeing others more clearly; they are all at different capacities for this lifesaving talent. The most acute seer is Osunde themself, who, just like in Vagabonds!, makes a case for the equal validity of all experience, even as they elevate the state of triumphant queerness because sometimes balancing viewpoints means tipping the scales in one direction. They extend empathy to the unlikeliest of characters: Ziz’s father, all the failing parents queer and not queer, a classmate who outs some of our protagonists, on and on. It is remarkable to witness the largesse of this heart. And to witness it in prose so unbelievably luscious and muscular, ever-seeking erupting highs: staccatos of portmanteaus, jewels of unruly adjectives, metaphors that whip and deliquesce, the heightening of daily pidgin into wise proverbs, sometimes even creating modern ones like the laugh-out-loud funny ‘Wetin Adele no go see for the other side?’
Sometimes, the novel suggests, shared suffering blinds, especially in the queer parent-queer child dynamics, where the very reflection of the self is terrifying. Sometimes, we get lazy in our dynamics, we try to own others and must be called back in grace or humanely let go of. To love is to see clearly, without selfish consumption.
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I AM THAT I AM
Necessary Fiction operates in two major modes: the past of deprivation and the future of attainment. It is upfront about this right from the opening chapter, in which Ziz makes bastard money over the span of a few pages. The only character who complains about money, Black, a sort of bodyguard for Ziz, is ultimately okay, given Ziz’s fair benevolence and Black’s proximity to Truth Circle. The immediate question that arises is: why situate a book in a city as poor as Lagos, and have little to no poor major characters?
Necessary Fiction’s answer is that money is freedom, but as one character says: ‘freedom is not a synonym for happiness.’ Its combating question seems to be: let’s assume for a moment that you have money and can do anything, what choices will you make? The novel’s characters move back from studies abroad, lashed by homesickness; they find themselves trapped in marriages consoled palely by diamonds, subservient to whomever is the source of money. But this assumption of boundless wealth is a mighty one to make, given that the emotional redemptions the characters can afford are tied to their wealth. Money, for instance, which affords one bodyguards for a triumphant gay marriage, becomes a kind of deus ex machina. (Here, one can imagine Ziz disclaiming on behalf of the novel: ‘I’m not inspiring.’)
But it is not just money. We find Maro wanting a lover and immediately getting a lover; May wants a mentor and gets one the next week. The characters’ journeys are situated in retrospect; the present is so shorn of continuity it leaves these zones severed, hanging in the air, the daily intimacies not matching the scale of the feelings they spur, so that the feelings risk teetering over the edge of cloying, therapy-speak. Necessary Fiction is brilliant at depicting the range of emotional experience, but does so in singular increments, like stacks of essays.
In a novel concerned with the un-making of bonds and re-making them from the ground up, we are largely told rather than shown how this happens. The novel’s first two sections barely feature the women who will take over the next third of its pages, and Ziz and Maro’s grief retreats to the sidelines as we progress. Truth Circle, for all its beauty, suggesting an anchor for the characters, showing them holding space as they navigate their daily lives and struggles, doesn’t repeat in the novel after its first early appearance. It drops away after that initial cataloguing of woes, making it tempting to read it as a trick to pull in all kinds of readers, with each (yet-unknown) character’s sections headed as: struggles with losing a parent, death, drugs, anger, parental estrangement, national grief, religion, Lagos, society and neurodivergence. With the succinct fulfilment of each heading, it is difficult to imagine these characters holding three more Truth Circles, not to speak of it featuring as a core component of their lives. When the characters all come together again, it is all the way at the end, a handful of pages.
There is an argument to be made for this. For all its ambitions at depicting havens, Necessary Fiction doesn’t want to be the sitcom, Friends; its core is much too dark. Boundaries are an important motif—boundaries crossed, such as that between life and death; boundaries upheld in the most intimate settings. One could read each character as an independent world unto themselves, concentrated with history. The problem with that argument is that relation is the superior motif. These characters tell us they are repeatedly saved by their friendships, they talk and think often about this safety, but the novel’s depiction of said friendship doesn’t run like a gusting river through their lives.
By taking away the pluralizing ‘s’ in fictions, the novel’s title also refers to a daring claim on the book’s cruciality. Its real life-saving properties. For example, in a blogpost that pops up about halfway into the book:
This is for us whose hearts are still breaking for our childselves and all the selves in between, who have found it hard to admit that the lives we have lived are too heavy for us to carry. This is for us who are only now learning to turn our love inward and care for ourselves… for us whose childhoods ended too fast. For us and the helplessness that boiled in us… I am sorry about all the secrets we could never tell anyone. I’m sorry no one saw the miracles we performed to keep our lives. But we are here, and praise the substance of our spirits for bringing us this far. We deserve garlands of grace on our heads. Take yours…
A blogpost is one conceit for this channelling of the book’s intentions; Osunde’s third-person narrator is irreverent and will repeatedly break the fourth wall to deliver a line to the reader like, ‘Remember the sensation [of the EndSars protests]? A phone in your hand, triumph screaming out of the screen as people gathered with charged rage tucked behind the ear like small flowers.’
We swim between perspectives with the most crucial goal of slipping beyond the ether into readerly recognition. This desire is most strongly declared through one of the characters who practices Earthseed, a religion based on Octavia Butler’s 1993 novel Parable of the Sower; they say, ‘When I first read that book and saw that [people] called it fiction I was like errrr… no it’s not. But no one else around me believed me. I didn’t care. I took Earthseed up as a religion.’
Thus, the paradoxical corollary required to enter Osunde’s fiction is that it is not fiction, but rather a healing space, a way of life, a therapeutic contract between redemptive words and hurting reader. The proof of its veracity lies in the raw articulations of its characters’ despair; its litmus is a truly remarkable inexhaustibility of emotional stockpiling. If you fail to be touched as intended, rinse your hands and walk away, it is simply not for you. This is at once a metaphor for queer life and survival—virtue is contained within infinitely, ahistorical, untouchable by external factors, unlocked only by sibling eyes—and at the same time a genius pre-empting of all faults⎈
NECESSARY FICTION
ELOGHOSA OSUNDE
316 PP. MASOBE BOOKS, JULY 2025
NIGERIA
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